Hibridismos Contemporâneos

Imagem impressa em cianotipia

A fotografia contemporânea quer-se transgressora,

e para isso é capaz de assumir os mais diferentes e insólitos

procedimentos experimentais (FERNANDES Jr., 2006, p.18).

 

Para compreendermos a produção fotográfica contemporânea, e dessa forma, podermos analisar seus processos de criação e produção, temos que nos dispor a analisa-la profundamente, e então, somente assim será possível buscar as semelhanças e diferenças entre aquilo que se produziu no passado e o que é feito hoje. É bastante perceptível na produção contemporânea o hibridismo dos suportes e a mesclagem de técnicas, ações que várias vezes serão erroneamente denominadas como releituras.

Por quê, em tempos de imagens digitais latentes, imagens que existem, mas que não são visíveis, necessitando ter decodificados seus milhares de bits e bytes para se tornarem algo visível; lisas, sem qualquer textura que intervenha na informação, de qualidade muitas vezes superior ao que os olhos humanos são capazes de perceber, têm-se dado uma busca, um retorno, para as técnicas históricas da fotografia, aquelas que geram imagens físicas, palpáveis, perecíveis e que trazem em si as marcas do processo?

Quando a fotografia foi inventada, sua capacidade de gravar e exibir uma imagem mais próxima daquilo que se vê foi impressionante. Até então, todos os registros imagéticos eram feitos através da pintura. A fotografia trouxe a ilusão de que nada poderia interferir entre a câmara e o objeto fotografado, pois desaparecida a figura intermediária do pintor, o fotógrafo era visto apenas como um operador do equipamento. Por isso, as imagens fotográficas passaram a ser sinônimo de veracidade. Esse sentimento vem se modificando em relação à fotografia há cerca de duas décadas, desde a invenção da fotografia digital e da popularização da manipulação digital da imagem. Segundo o fotógrafo brasileiro Luís Humberto:

A fotografia pode não ser confiável como constatação de uma verdade ou mesmo pode não conter um indicativo seguro da ideologia de seu autor, mas será certamente um resultado decorrente de seu relacionamento com o mundo à sua volta e, portanto, passível de se transformar em testemunho importante, talvez mesmo denunciador das angústias e aspirações de seu tempo (CASTANHO, 1981, p.24).

A sociedade, mesmo com toda a liberdade de captar imagens e distribuí-las, ainda é responsável por transmitir ideias pré-concebidas sobre determinado fato. Portanto, as imagens fotográficas não podem ser consideradas como retrato fiel daquilo que é visto, mas sim como transmissoras da realidade cultural, política, religiosa e econômica da sociedade que as captou, transmitiu e compartilhou.

A fotografia artística contemporânea se constrói através do hibridismo entre os processos de produção, possuindo uma materialidade que contrapõe a latência da imagem digital. “As novas sínteses e combinações apontam cada vez mais para um entrelaçamento dos procedimentos das vanguardas históricas, dos processos primitivos, alternativos e periféricos, associados ou não às novas tecnologias” (FERNANDES JR., 2006, p.16). Este tipo de imagem vem quebrar o paradigma da verdade e objetividade com o referente, até então atribuído à fotografia.

Podemos destacar entre as intervenções possíveis em qualquer momento do processo, a manipulação digital, além das diversas técnicas de impressão fotográfica, incluindo aí os processos chamados históricos, tais como a Cianotipia, o Van Dyke, o Papel Salgado, o Fitótipo, o Antótipo, o Colódio Úmido, o Ambrótipo, o Carbon Print e a Goma Dicromatada. Esses processos históricos se destacarão na pesquisa por estarem sendo utilizados por diversos fotógrafos brasileiros em seus trabalhos artísticos contemporâneos.

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    1. Good night, I’m a researcher of contemporary processes. A good theoretical reference on the subject is in the book “A Fotografia: between document and contemporary art by André Rouillé”; and for something more technical, look for “The Book of Alternative Photographic Processes by Christopher James”.

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